ZIMSEC FREE NOTES. Specific Objectives: (i) To investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of seasonal (NDJFM) . The ITCZ is located north of Zambia in the dry season. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. The rain can be cooling, unlike in the humid tropics. Its surface is almost invariably consisting of a geologically stable land mass made up of the pre-Cambrian basement rock overlain in part by sedimentary cover of a later period. What is the impact of humans on the temperate deciduous woodland? Limestone Case Study Malham, The Yorkshire Dales. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecoregions_of_Zambia&oldid=1108887041, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. red sandveld soils cover most of the country, and are generally not very fertile due to weathering and leaching; the top soil is sandy and is more fertile where the top soil has a higher clay content. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. The distinction between rainy and dry seasons is marked with no rain at all falling in June, July and August. Sustainable development in the Temperate Deciduous Woodland. The fires are ignited by villagers hunting, burning crop residue, and preparing chitemene gardens; or by lightning in the early rainy season. Relief rainfall occurs in all altitudes; Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. He holds an Honours in Accountancy degree from the University of Zimbabwe. Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change. The deciduous trees usually produce fresh green or reddish leaves just before the rainy season. It Part of the industrial area flooded. Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. How does flooding affect humans and the environment? They are found: This endangered ecoregion is found in only one small area (less than 1%) of northern Zambia, named after Sumbu, and it found is in only location anywhere else, an equally small area of central Tanzania (Itigi). . February 12, 2018. h) Rainfall falls mainly over a short period of time, about 15 - 20 minutes. This is because vulnerability to climate shocks was engendered. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. Lucy is travel writer for a range of publications, including Lonely Planet's guides to Africa, Southern Africa and South Africa. What factors influence the effects and response to tectonic activity? This symmetry is, however, imperfect because of Relief rainfall occurs when air has been blown over the sea and is then forced up over an area of high land. As the air descends, it warms, meaning it can carry water moisture, so there is little rain on this side of the mountain. The annual Private tourMid-rangeLodge, You Visit: Mfuwe (Start), South Luangwa NP, Mfuwe Airport (Mfuwe), Mfuwe (End). What are the physical characteristics of cold environments? It can occur almost Castleton A tourist honey pot in The Peak District, Case Study Inner City Redevelopment Londons Docklands. Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. Too much rain when the maize crop is flowering or late in the season when it should be drying off prior to harvest, can be very damaging and promotes rotting of stored grain. [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. The rate of increase is most rapid in the winter, at 0.34C per decade. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. The average temperature in Zambia in the summer is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. Where does relief rainfall occur? - Answers About our use of cookies, Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. The broad types of soil found in Zambia are: In areas where soils are waterlogged for all or part of the year, or are very infertile, sandy or acidic, they take over from climate as the predominant factor in determining the distribution of plants and animals. Rainfall in South Africa Zambia weather in November 2023 | Zambia 14 day weather How is a cold environment interdependent? What are the environmental impacts of economic development in Nigeria? The moist warm air condenses as it cool which causes cloud and rain. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Quick NetOne, Telecel, Africom, And Econet Airtime Recharge, Advantages and Disadvantages of wood as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity, Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy. How are Nigerias trading and political relationships changing? Zambia. Temperatures average between 18C/64F in the morning and 29C/84F in the afternoon. Different types of rainfall in the UK. The modifying influence of altitude gives the country pleasant subtropical weather rather than tropical conditions for most of the year. Climate and Average Weather in Zambia How do changes affect the balance of an ecosystem? Such communities are said to be edaphic, and are found on grey dambo soils, black floodplain soils and Kalahari sands. It occurs only on: The great freshwater lakes of Tanganyika, Mweru, Bangweulu and Kariba (an artificial reservoir), together with the smaller lakes such as Mweru Wantipa and Itezhi-Tezhi reservoir, and numerous lagoons and swamps cover about 5% of Zambia. The western part of Zambia that borders Angola is significantly warmer. anywhere. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. 82.8. The water cycle as it occurs in real life. See answer (1) Best Answer. There are three main types of rainfall, convectional rainfall, relief rainfall and frontal rainfall. On the flat central African plateau the woodland is interspersed with dambos, grassy wetlands forming the headwaters and margins of rivers which may make up to 30% of the ecoregion and which increase biodiversity of the ecoregion. A rain shadow is a dry area on the lee side of a mountainous area. Zambia has not been spared from the scourge of land degradation especially during the past ten (10) years. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. kcse history Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. Southern areas of Madagascar are facing a very poor early stage of the season, with potential impacts persisting from the significant drought of the previous growing season of 2019-2020. The weather in Zambia in November is hot. Water droplets accumulate and rain falls due to gravity. The average maximum temperatures during that period is between 24 and 28 degrees Celsius (75.2 and 82.4F) and it is very dry. [2][citation needed], Deciduous trees which lose leaves in the dry season to conserve water predominate over evergreens which have waxy leaf cuticles for the same purpose. Two Earthquakes Compared Nepal and LAquila, Lombok Indonesia Earthquake 2018 Case Study, 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami Case Study. Rainfall and recharge to a dolomite aquifer in a semi-arid climate at Three terrestrial biomes are well represented in the country (with an additional one extending a few kilometres over the border). When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? Over most of South Africa, there is a definite rainfall pattern with rainfall increasing from west to east. 3.2 Wetlands 3.3 Zambia has Eight Wetlands of International Importance which include, the Kafue Flats . The dominant genus, Cryptosepalum, is a tree in the legume family. Zambia is divided into three agro-ecological zones with distinct mean annual rainfall, ranging from 600mm to 1200mm. During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. Zambia experiences good rainfall, with extremes of 500 to 1400 mm (most areas fall into the range 700 to ) in a distinct rainy season of four to six months centred on January, when the moist intertropical convergence zone is over the country. If this process continues then rain will fall. There are three main types of rainfall that occur frequently and depend on a variety of factors. Zambia's average annual temperature has increased by 1.3C since 1960, an average rate of 0.29C per decade. Much of the ecoregion in Southern Province (sometimes referred to as the Southern Plateau) and the south-east of Eastern Province (sometimes referred to as the Eastern Plateau) has been cleared for farming and ranching. Hence, the need of the country to always have enough maize in stock. 15.099 In Mambwe District, Eastern Province, nearly 300 families were displaced by floods in the first week of January, according to DMMU media reports, with Malambo constituency especially affected. Ecoregions of Zambia - Wikipedia What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? Opportunities and Challenges in the Sahara Desert, Opportunities and Challenges in the Thar Desert, Opportunities and Challenges in the Western Desert. Traditionally, people have also migrated in the drier areas where rivers dambos are not prevalent. Of late, droughts have been crippling the nation and have contributed to the already low life-expectancy GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND DRAINAGE Fig 2.1a page 26 . Philip has traveled through Zambia several times and is the author of more than 20 guidebooks to various African destinations. These are Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. The 8 sites listed below form a broad chain running from south-west to north-east. Farmers in Zambia look to diversify from traditional maize - climatetracker More About Us. mathematics past papers In Zambia this biome is represented by only one ecoregion in a few patches, covering around 5% of the land area. In geography, a location's relief is the difference between its highest and lowest elevations. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted by severe drought. In Barotseland, people move with their livestock, grazing them on the Barotse Floodplain in the dry season and moving to higher ground at the margins during the rainy season. Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. Zambia Weather & Climate (+ Climate Chart) - SafariBookings.com Safaris, DR Congo The biomes and ecoregions in the ecology of Zambia are described, listed and mapped here, following the World Wildlife Fund's classification scheme for terrestrial ecoregions, and the WWF freshwater ecoregion classification for rivers, lakes and wetlands. It is situated on a high plateau and takes its name from the Zambezi River, which drains all but a small northern part of the country. Where do volcanoes and earthquakes happen? Flood in Zambia - Activations - International Disasters Charter The yield gap between actual yields and . Some bridges have been submerged in the same area, hampering access. So far, any impact that climate change may have had generally on regional rainfall cannot be distinguished from natural variations. This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 04:55. This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. As a country with very distinct rainy and dry seasons, with a high rainfall in the former, and having a fairly flat topography, Zambian rivers and low-lying areas are prone to flooding, and there are extensive permanent swamps. Figure 1: Shows the study area (Zambia), marked green on the map of Africa. Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. Safaris, Rwanda Grasses and some other herbaceous plants dry up above ground but regenerate quickly with the onset of rains from roots and tubers, etc. Zambia is expected to experience heavy rains in the coming days, with potential for flash floods in Mufumbwe, Kasempa, Kabwe, Lusaka, Siavonga, Gwembe and Chipata districts. The African plateau is underlain primarily by Precambrian rock that dates back to more than 600 years. necta biology Livingstone Projections for Zambia vary across models depending on assumptions; however, the majority of climate models suggest: Whirlwinds are very common but not usually destructive; waterspouts can be seen over lakes. Elsewhere, plants and animals are adapted to the long dry season. The dry season lasts 68 months, divided into the cool dry season or winter from April or May to August, followed by the hot dry season, September to November. Moderate rain describes . [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). Protection of cold environments as wilderness areas. Western and North Western Zambia: Flood and Crop Situation Report What Does 'Relief' Mean in Geography? - ThoughtCo How reliable are economic indicators of development? [2], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1003499747, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic, Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. How will climate change affect rainfall? | Climate crisis | The Guardian For animals, adaptations to drought are seen in migration and breeding patterns, as well as the ability, found in rodents and reptiles especially, to obtain water requirements from food without the need to drink. AN OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA - Central Connecticut State What are the causes of deforestation in the Amazon? The best time to visit Zambia is from May to August. Human and physical factors causing river flooding. When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.This usually occurs on flat land.This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.. Zambia climate: average weather, temperature - Climates to Travel 3 types of rainfall and where each type is likely to occur? Climate (unit: 2) By - Pakistan studies 2 O level notes - Facebook Around 10% of the country is in this biome and its sole ecoregion. eLimu | Physical Environment Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. The SE Trades are forced to rise by the mountain, cool and condense and rain occurs on the South Eastern slopes or the windward slopes of the mountain. Tunisia Case Study. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. Zambia is right in the tropics and gets lots of rain in the Wet season (November to April). The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. Zambia. A two-dimensional relief map displays the topography of a given area. Where are polar and tundra environments located? Climate of Zambia - Wikipedia World Wildlife Fund: Encyclopedia of Earth. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. Plains are low relief Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. Frontal rainfall. Precipitation types - Wikipedia The vegetation is adapted to it, particularly the grasses, and at that time of the year deciduous trees have lost most of their leaves and so usually do not suffer extensive damage. partners) to personalize our advertising campaigns and to allow you to share on social media. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. If the annual flood is disrupted by dams, woody shrubs of lower nutritional value tend to replace grasses and so reduce the number of herbivores and biodiversity. Stage 2. Zambia: Floods - Flash Update No. 1 (16 January 2020) - Zambia Corresponding variations are present in the recharge to a dolomite aquifer. Copy. SPACE DYNAMICS AND CLIMATOLOGY It rains mostly on the windward slopes. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Dr. Roland Bumle (BGR) Dr. Christoph Neukum (BGR) Jack Nkhoma (DWA) Oscar Silembo (DWA) Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and The Rift Valley System (Fig 2.3 page 28) Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Relief rainfall occurs very frequently near mountains beside the sea. Relief rainfall . Almera in Spain: a large-scale agricultural development, Sustainable Food Supplies in an LIC Bangladesh. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. Figure 5 Extent of Desertification in Zambia Figure 6 Annual Rainfall (mm) per Province Figure 7 Maize production (kg) from 1987 to 1999 . Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. Together with their associated rivers, the WWF categorises these freshwater ecoregions in Zambia: Zambezi Basin made up of (not shown on the map): On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Tours, Zambia [5][citation needed]. What factors affect population density and distribution? The Water Cycle and The Three Different Types of Rainfall and Rainfall in Lusaka amounts to 850 mm (33.5 in) per year, with a maximum from December to February, when about 200 mm (8 in) of rain fall per month, while from May to October, it almost never rains. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. Rough estimates of the percentage of the country covered as given below are for the original or natural state of the area before urbanisation and agriculture has modified it. All Rights Reserved. Open a list of all cookies, Below you can decide which type of cookies you would like to keep switched on. Traditionally, people have also migrated in the drier areas where rivers dambos are not prevalent. kcse past papers What is the Demographic Transition Model? proposed in areas not yet severely affected by land degradation and drought. necta csee chemistry past papers The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. Safaris, Madagascar You can join us here to take actions to help achieve an end to hunger. moves southward with the apparent movement of the sun in the southern summer and brings rain to the greater part of Zambia. International migration from Syria to Europe, Japan A country with a high dependent population. 3 Types of Rainfall - Free Geography Notes Sustainable development in the desert The Great Green Wall. Quite dense evergreen forest of medium height on sandy soils with little to no surface water, in several patches which make up the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone. Prior to the current 2005/06 season, the ZMD predicted normal to above normal rainfall for most parts of Zambia. It comprises an almost impenetrable bush consisting of about a hundred plant species woven together so densely that it is virtually impossible to walk through. history of africa Moisture-laden wind blows in from the sea. Hydrol., 59: 173--187. The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. How has urbanisation helped Nigeria to develop? Map For example, with both mountains and valleys in the area, the local relief of Yosemite National Park is impressive. The dry season is influenced by the Harmattan wind from the Sahara. [citation needed], Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. How does geology affect the formation of river landforms? In the UK prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas such as the Rocky Mountai. When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. kcse geography Tours, Ethiopia PDF Climate Change in Zambia: Impacts and Adaptation - American University Rain Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com PDF Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Which landforms result from moving or melting ice? According to the Zambia Meteorological Development agency, annual rainfall has dropped from an average 1,200 mm to below 600 mm in most areas over the last two years. By clicking Accept you agree that we use Analytical cookies for gathering information about how our Light rain describes rainfall which falls at a rate of between a trace and 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in) per hour. Sure, this shaded relief map is nice. pp (EUR), Zambia: Zambia covers a total area of 752,612 km2 including borders, and lies between 8 and 18 south latitudes and longitudes 22 and 34 east. Cholera Epidemic Lusaka, Zambia, October 2017-May 2018 As the air rises, it cools and condenses. An estimated total of 1,337 Ha of maize, 62 Ha of rice, 612 Ha of cassava and 8 . To identify risk factors associated with death from cholera, a case-control mortality study was conducted during January 12-March 26, 2018, with 32 . Most parts of Zambia will experience normal to above normal rainfall The chain extends into Namibia and Botswana at one end (Caprivi wetlands and Okavango Swamp) and to Tanzania and Kenya at the other.
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