The cyber-security technique was established in 2000 while Von Ahn was a Ph.D. student at Carnegie Mellon University. In addition to being a noted physicist, he was also a passionate humanitarian and educator. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Miguel Angel Ondetti has been granted more than 100 patents, including U.S. Patent 4,105,776 for "Proline Derivatives and Related Compounds" also known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to treat hypertension. Spanish singer and voice teacher Manuel Garca invented the laryngoscope in 1854. This invention helps to save the lives of high-risk babies born before full-term gestation in neonatal intensive care (NICU). Born in California, Ellen Ochoa was granted U.S. Patent 4,838,644 for "Position, Rotation, and Intensity Invariant Recognizing Method " and two other optical-related patents. In 1991, Ann Tsukamoto and her team patented a discovery that would change the medical field forever stem cell transplants. Ruiz Robles was a dedicated teacher and educator who began her career at a time when only 25% of the female population knew how to read and write. X-Ray microscope. NASA uses her innovations to process data gathered during missions to this very day. Born in Honduras, Elena Nuez was granted U.S. Patent 4,935,254 for a "Banana Flavoring Process" and three other related patents. Ochoa was a revolutionist who sought to overthrow the rule of Mexicos chief executive in the early nineties. First on the list is Ignacio Urresti. Photo by Monica M. Smith. At that point, the government approved the NTSC television color standard. He is most famous today for his invention of an early laryngoscope in 1854. Of course there are many more inventors and innovators who merit further attention. M. Gregorio Maran (1887-1960), doctor and researcher, . In 1969, Liotta developed the first total artificial heart to . As impressive as this was, the submarine's absence of a double hull and a diesel engine only limited its use to coastal actions. The creation of norethindrone, a compound obtained from the tortoise plant (dioscorea Mexicana), a wild Mexican yam, was essential to the idea. Over the centuries, many remarkable scientists have emerged from Spanish-speaking lands, cultures and ancestors. Even after his death in 2014, Zaffaronis work continues to live on. Returning to the topic of Nobel Prize winners, besides chemist Mario Molina mentioned above, there are several Hispanic Nobelists in the sciences who deserve recognition. Born to a family of health professionals in Panama, Murillo-Rohde studied . 1860s - January 5, 1943. His invention is still useful today in the study of phonics and the diagnosis of oral conditions like laryngitis. World Book Online is an engaging, verified, and trustworthy digital resource for grades pre-K through high school. It uses magnetic attraction to make it easier for trains to slow down. At the age of 17, he invented and patented his "chromoscopic adapter for television equipment.". Ochoa also developed the adjustable wrench and the Ochoaplane (an aircraft with foldable wings). He was laid to rest on the grounds of the St. Edward's Catholic Church in Sutton Green, Surrey. Born in Guadalajara, Mexico, Gonzalez Camrena received a patent for a chromoscopic adapter for television equipment in 1942. On September 20, 1884, after years in the Navy, Peral first had the idea for his "Proyecto de Torpedero Submarino" ("Project for a submarine torpedo-boat"), which he wrote about in a paper. Guillermo Gonzlez Camarena (1917-1965), an electrical engineer by trade, invented a chromoscopic converter in 1940 at the age of 23. According to the World Health Organization, over 5 percent of the population worldwide suffers from hearing trouble and this invention has the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate. He also supported tele-education for students attending medical school. After more than 20 years of study and labor by Lvano and his colleagues, the United States granted Lvano's patent. I am slowly compiling a database thathopefully will provide the basis for more in-depth research on Hispanic inventors and innovators for publications, programs, and exhibitions at the Smithsonian and beyond. At the age of 100, he was received at Buckingham Palace by King Edward VII. So, with that out of the way, in homage to this month of Hispanic heritage and pride, we have honored some of the many noteworthy Hispanic inventors and engineers. The Alaskan Inuit people were the first to build and use kayaks, at least 4,000 years ago. We recommend our users to update the browser. de Cuadros was granted U.S. In the 1970s, Zaffaroni was granted patents for transdermal systemic medication delivery. Ellen Ochoa. 1. Here are 5 incredible inventions by a . Vice-admiral Pezuela y Lobo, the minister of the Spanish navy, received a letter from him in September 1885. Ellen Ochoa. Heres what the terms Latino, Hispanic, and Latinx mean and how to use them. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2012. Abbas ibn Frinas was an Andalusian inventor in the 10th century. A decade later, other submarine designs struggled to match its performance, and the Spanish Navy eventually retired the project. Her inventions now help NASA process information collected on . She also added co-inventor to her resume when she helped develop three patents in the field of optics. Later, in 2002, Silva was able to capitalize on the product and develop a commercial product that would earn her numerous honors and propel her business to the top of the cosmetics sector. At the young age of 23, Mexican engineer Guillermo Gonzlez Camarena patented a system that would allow television to be viewed in color, instead of in black and white. Victor Ochoa was the Mexican American inventor of the Ochoaplane. Garca retired from the Royal Academy of Music in 1895 at the age of 90. In honor of National Hispanic Heritage Month, celebrated from Sept. 15 to Oct. 15, we took a look at some of those influential figures who have brought important innovations to a variety of . Born Sarah Breedlove, Madame C.J. Patents 4,229,845 and 5,046,203 for a "Collapsible Hammock Support.". 1849-1921. Dr. Tang is named on 84 patents and was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2018 for his co-invention of the OLED. According toEncyclopedia Britannica, from 2013-to 2018, Dr. Ochoa worked as the director of NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX. "Hispanic or Latino refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. October 29, 1991 - Bone Marrow Transplant. This procedure helps clear blocked blood vessels and improves blood flow to the heart. His groundbreaking invention allowed the patient to live for three days until a heart from a human donor became available. Domingo Santo Liotta was born in Argentina in 1924 to Italian immigrants and went on to become a heart surgery pioneer. That honor for the earliest incubator ever developed goes to a device created in 1800s France. What Were Other Inventions Made by Hispanics? The audio and video signals were sent in the 40-meter band at 115 MHz. When not in prison, he was busy filing for USand international patents and even incorporated the International Airship Company in Patterson, New Jersey, presumably to manufacture his Ochoaplane. Those early . This Spanish inventor was responsible for the creation of one of the lesser-known Spanish inventions, the pencil sharpener. Born in Per, Claudio Castilln Lvano was granted U.S. Patent 6,884,211 for a "Neonatal Artificial Bubble" that improves the intensive care of high-risk newborns. To develop his concepts for controlled medication delivery systems, Zaffaroni established the ALZA Corporation in 1968. For his invention, Camarena became the first person in history to receive a patent for the development of a color television (U.S. Patent 2,296,019). Lets start with inventor Victor LeatonOchoa, who was a fascinating character to say the least. Material in this article is for general information or entertainment purposes only and was accurate as of the date of first publication. To help prevent spam bots from accessing computer systems, CAPTCHA (standing for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart") is a randomly produced challenge-response test. Year / period: 1871. Gonzlez Camarena transmitted in color for the first time on August 31, 1946, from his lab at the Mexican League of Radio Experiments, located at Lucerna St. #1 in Mexico City. The son of a renowned singer and educator, Garca eventually took work as a baritone singer. "The Hispanic whirlwind" that's what Ildaura Murillo-Rohde was dubbed for her work as a powerhouse advocate, nurse, therapist, and educator. The ads feature "Hispanic" sports stars and. Born in Hungary and then later he migrated to Argentina, Jozsef Bir Laszlo was granted U.S. Patent 2,258,841 October 14, 1941 for a "Fountain Pen" - the father of the modern ballpoint pen. And then in 1900, on December 23 on the outskirts of Washington, D.C., an inventor named Reginald Fessenden accomplished a remarkable feat: He made the first wireless telephone call. Copyright 2023, Smithsonian Institution, All Rights Reserved, Highlighting Hispanic Inventors and Innovators, blog-smith-monica-2017-09-22-victor-ochoa-undated-ac0590-0000008-ochoaplane-undated-ac0590-0000009-cnmah-750-inline-edit.jpg, blog-smith-monica-2017-09-22-ellen-ochoa-sts110-e-5254-11-april-2002-cnasa-750-inline-edit.jpg, visit at the Smithsonians Udvar-Hazy Center, named Director of NASAs Johnson Space Flight Center, blog-smith-monica-2017-09-22-manny-villafana-at-st-jude-medical--27-june-2013-cmonica-smith-750-inline-edit.jpg, blog-smith-monica-2017-09-22-nsf-director-france-cordova-presenting-fy17-budget-9-february-2016-cnsf-750-inline-edit.jpg, Notes from the Director: Hispanic Heritage Month. Guillermo Gonzalez Camarena - Invented an early color television transmission system; Luis Von Ahn - Inventor of the anti-spam and web robot captcha A whole bag of letters could be destroyed by one good rain or snow. Henry submitted her first patent, for a vacuum ice cream freezer, while still a college student in 1912, and moved to New York City in 1924 to found two companies to sell . He made a number of inventions related to high speed trains. Hispanic Heritage Month is in full swing. The information is turned into data that a computer converts into words on a speaker or into text on a screen. Miramontes wrote a new procedure for the synthesis of the progestin norethindrone, the active ingredient for what would become the oral birth control pill. In 1951, Miramontes, then a college student, was under the direction of Syntex Corp Ceo George Rosenkranz and researcher Carl Djerassi. In 2012, Ochoa became the first Hispanic and second woman to be named Director of NASAs Johnson Space Flight Center in Houston, Texas. Kayaks. Details about his numerous outstanding pupils and accomplishments are recorded on his headstone. He stopped performing on stage at a young age and started giving lessons at the Paris Conservatory in the 1830s and the Royal Academy of Music in London from the 1840s onwards. 4. Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images. Born in Spain, Jesus Maria Sanchez-Prez is a neurosurgeon that was granted U.S. Patent 2,617,944 for "Serial Roentgenography" circulatory system x-rays. Have a comment about the web page you were viewing? A more recent Lemelson Center connection was made with Manuel Manny Villafaa, who is briefly highlighted in the Centers Places of Invention exhibition and whose papers are in the Archives Center along with his heart valve collection housed in the Museums Division of Medicine and Science. He died in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1999 at the age of 75. VentureWell reports that Hispanic inventors file for patents at half the rate of Black inventors, a trend the USPTO is determined to . . Alejandro Zaffaroni (1923-2014) was a biotechnology pioneer. Guatemalan-born Luis von Ahn is regarded as one of the pioneers of crowdsourcing. Plasma engine for rockets. CAPTCHA stands for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart and was invented in 2000 in part by Guatemalan professor of computer science, Luis Von Ahn. These Hispanic women changed the world. Gonzlez-Sanabria became the highest ranking Hispanic at NASA's Glenn Research Center in 2002. Before being hired at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas as Director of the Artificial Heart Program, he worked in Lyon, France. Mexican inventor Felipe Vadillo patented a method of predicting premature fetal membrane rupture in pregnant women. Eventually they invented KalamSat: the lightest satellite in the world. Victor Ochoa with his folding wing plane (wings folded), circa 1933. According to the Smithsonian, Victor Ochoa had a reward of $50,000 offered for his delivery dead or alive to Porfirio Diaz, President of Mexico. The Three-Light Traffic Signal, Invented by Garrett Morgan in 1923. We may have questions about your feedback, please provide your email address. However, it is essential to note that the term "Hispanic" is very nebulous, with many interpretations, including conflicting official definitions from the U.S. Census and other "official" sources. Miranda was born in 1980 in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York City . Born in El Salvador, Jacobo G. Maria was granted U.S. Patent 4,366,935 for a "Device and Process for Spinning or Twisting and Winding Yarn.". He then went back to the University of Chile in the 1980s. Mention their names and achievements below to share with the Direct Auto community! Born in Los Angeles, California in 1958, Ellen Ochoa is probably the best known example of a successful Hispanic inventor and innovator. According to the U.S. Patent Office, Claudio Castilln Lvano was granted U.S. Patent 6,884,211 for a "Neonatal Artificial Bubble" that improves the intensive care of high-risk newborns. Domingo Santo Liotta, who was born in Argentina to Italian immigrants in 1924, became a pioneer in heart surgery. Artificial Heart. She is a member of the California State Bar, the Federal Circuit Bar, the U.S. Supreme Court Bar, and a licensed Patent Attorney. Mexican chemist Luis Miramontes was only a graduate student when at 25, he was recruited by the Syntex Corporation to work at their labs. In the spirit of "Hispanic Heritage Month," we at IE thought it might be nice to collate some of the greatest inventors and scientists from the diverse and talented wider Hispanic community. Soon after, the first working prototype of an electrical submarine was created. Between 1976 and 1983, he conducted research and taught at the Engineering Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. A laundry operation circa 1925 . ", Born in Bolivia, Hugo Tern Salguero was granted U.S. Patent 4,055,156 for a "Rotary Engine. Peruvian engineer Claudio Castilln Lvano created a portable respirator and incubator for premature babies. Guatemalan-born Luis von Ahn created the CAPTCHA and reCAPTCHA systems for cyber security. As late as 1979, NASA transmitted photos from Jupiter using his invention. He participated in the Apollo Project with NASA and taught at numerous institutions, including MIT, the University of Chicago, and the University of Stockholm. The inventor was issued U.S. Patent No. By Camilo Smith September 28, 2015 5:48 pm. the most famous invention from your state. Additionally, on September 16 and September 18, respectively, Mexico and Chile commemorate their respective independence days. Argentinian surgeon Domingo Liotta developed the artificial heart in the late 1950s. Victor Ochoa invented an early form of electrical brakes. (Originally published by VOXXI as "5 influential inventions by Latinos") Hispanic Heritage Month is coming to an end, and here at VOXXI we wanted to salute the great Latino inventors. According to the Smithsonian. For the next three hours, you enjoy the vibrant colors and pristine pictures as your favorite team defeats the opposition. Following the interview, Pezuela y Lobo agreed to support Peral's initial research in Cdiz with a 5,000 peseta budget before starting a project to construct a full-scale submarine boat. 6. Hispanic Americans have not only contributed socially and economically to the well-being of the country. In addition, he was a journalist, writer, union leader, and political activist. Eyeglasses. In 1881 he received a patent for inventing a method of producing carbon . Liotta was the author of numerous scientific articles and books, including volumes on medical humanism written in both English and Spanish. The X-ray reflection microscope was created in 1948 by Paul Kirkpatrick, a Stanford physics professor, and Mexican-American physicist Albert Vinicio Bez (1912-2007). Bellis, Mary. Born in Mxico, Luis Miramontes was granted U.S. Patent 2,744,122 for progestin norethindrone for use in oral contraceptives. Guerrilla warfare was developed in Spain. Mario Molina. LEMELSON CENTER for the Study of Invention and Innovation. The Sept. 15 start . His field is electrical engineering, and the sensor-studded glove was his doctoral engineering project. Despite the earning potential of a patented product, the disparity gap among patent holders remains high. ", Born in Panam, Alberto P. Herrera and Sebastian A. Vieto were granted U.S. Patent 4,195,080 for "Insecticidal Use of Orange Juice Essence Oil.". On April 18, 1965 (at the age of 48), he was killed in an automobile accident in Puebla while traveling back from Las Lajas, Veracruz, where he had been examining a television transmitter. Unless expressly referenced, Direct Auto Insurance does not endorse and is not affiliated with any company or app that might be listed in this article. Thomas Edison may have invented the electric light bulb, but Latimer helped make it a common feature in American households. When his team developed the progestin norethisterone used in one of the first three oral contraceptives in 1951, Mexican chemist Luis Miramontes (1925-2004) was only 26 years old and a doctoral student working in the lab of Carl Djerassi and George Rosenkranzin's at Syntex SA in Mexico City. Learn about our current legislative initiatives. Ultimately, ALZA launched more than 20 prescription medications before being bought by Johnson & Johnson. Few Hispanic Americans have made a bigger impact in recent pop culture than Lin-Manuel Miranda. 1938-2009. High-risk infants delivered before full-term gestation can benefit from this discovery by living longer in neonatal intensive care (NICU). President Ronald Reagan expanded it in 1988 to a 30-day period beginning on September 15 and concluding on October 15. The following list is composed of items, techniques and processes that were invented by or discovered by people from Spain.. Spain was an important center of knowledge during the medieval era.While most of western and southern Europe suffered from the collapse of the Roman Empire, although declining, some regions of the former empire, Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula), southern Italy, and the . Walker (1867-1919) Madam C.J. She was looking for a way to allow her students to carry fewer books to and from classes, so she created a mechanical encyclopedia. The following year she was the Payload Commander on the Atlantis mission. While we commonly learn about imperative African-American figures like Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, Harriet Tubman, Maya Angelou, and many others, we don't often hear about the . Every day they scavenge around the junkyard for mechanical parts to turn into new inventions. The recipient lived for 64 hours with the artificial heart before receiving a real one. Victor Ochoa, who was born in Ojinaga, Mexico, in 1850, created an early form of electric streetcar brakes. This is a kind of irregular combat where a small . Bez died of natural causes on the 20th of March 2007 in Redwood City, California. He did serve two years in jail and lost his U.S. citizenshipfor organizing an army in the United States for the purpose of invading Mexico. After his release, President Theodore Roosevelt restored his citizenship by a special proclamation in 1906. Though annoying at times, reCAPTCHA helps computers differentiate between robots and human beings, keeping internet users safe from malware and spam. More than 40 transdermal products with ingredients like nicotine, hormones, painkillers, and antidepressants have received FDA approval. How many inventors can claim that?! Lin-Manuel Miranda. He called it the chromosomic adapter for television equipment. In 1963, he saw his invention succeed with the first color television broadcast. Angela Ruiz Robles (1895-1975) was a pioneer and inventor of the mechanical forerunner of the electronic book. Her inventions now help NASA process information collected on missions. It successfully pumped blood through the body of the patient for nearly three days. Her fascination with the field of optics came during her time as a fellowship student at Stanford University. These Hispanic inventors, many of which toiled in obscurity have incredible stories that are worth sharing. The first time I discovered Dr. Ellen Ochoa (1958-) Mexican-American, who invented Optical Lenses for Space was on Google. The AcceleGlove contains sensors that work with a micro-controller attached to the wearer's arm and maps the movement of the arm and fingers. These are some of their most notable names and contributions. A true character in his time, religion and . It launched in 1888, leading to other countries to design and test similar submarines around the world. These bandages were found to be especially beneficial for controlled drug delivery. First African-American female physician to receive a patent for a medical invention; inventions relate to cataract surgery and include the Laserphaco Probe, which revolutionized the industry in the 1980s, and an ultrasound technique for treatment. Born in Ojinaga, Mexico in 1850, he moved to Texas and later lived in New York and New Jersey, becoming a UScitizen in 1889. File a patent application online with EFS-web, Single interface replacement for EFS-Web, Private PAIR and Public PAIR, Check patent application status with Patent Center and Private PAIR, Pay maintenance fees and learn more about filing fees and other payments, Resolve disputes regarding patents with PTAB. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006. Find upcoming programs related to IP policy and international affairs. Learn about these inventors who regretted their inventions. From award-winning astronauts to some of the brilliant botanists of the 21st century, we're celebrating these famous Hispanic scientists who've had a positive impact on their field. Rea Ann Silva was raised in Los Angeles, California, and studied at the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising. On top of the usual festivities, were giving extra recognition to often overlooked Hispanic inventors whose contributions have benefited communities around the world. His revolutionary work is something many of us benefit from directly on a regular basis. The Beauty blender was developed to save performers from having to be pulled off the set when using an airbrush to apply foundation mid-shoot. Ellen Ochoa (1958-present): First Hispanic Woman to Visit The Space; Top 10 Famous Hispanic Scientists #10. The list below is only a sampling of noted scientists through history and working in STEM fields today. Von Ahn is also a co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of the language-learning software Duolingo and a consulting professor in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The erectile dysfunction drug, Viagra, on the other hand, was an accidental discovery. Born in California, Ellen Ochoa was granted U.S. Patent 4,838,644 for "Position, Rotation, and Intensity Invariant Recognizing Method " and two other optical-related patents. Walker pioneered the use of female sales agents, who . Brunel was a popular civil engineer from Britain, responsible for building bridges and also the first major British railway. In 1936, Ochoa returned to Sinaloa, Mexico, where he reportedly died nine years later. Most recently, Villafaa started a new venture, Medical 21, which aims to develop artificial blood vessels as a safer, less invasive alternative for coronary artery bypass graft surgeries. The first incubators were used in France in 1880, but Lvanos design, called the Incuven, regulates temperature and reduces risk of contamination to babies. Moving on to another impactful inventor is Albert Bez who co-invented an x-ray reflection microscope in 1948. Born in Argentina, Julio C. Palmaz was granted over 40 patents, including his most recent - U.S. Patent 8,728,563 for "Endoluminal Implantable Surfaces, Stents, and Grafts and Method of Making Same." Two male inventorsCharles Gabriel Pravaz of Scotland and Alexander Wood of Franceindependently created the first fine-needle syringes usable on humans in the early 1850s. Born in Guadalajara, Mxico, Guillermo Gonzlez Camarena was granted U.S. Patent 2,296,019 for a "Chromoscopic adapter for television equipment", an early color television transmission system. In 1790, Jos Antonio de Alzate, a philosopher, priest, theologian, cartographer, historian, naturalist, botanist, geographer and journalist. Philanthropist and entrepreneur Madam C.J. Khler "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies. At just 64g, it weighs about as much as a large battery. In 1995, he was awarded the National Medal of Technology and has also been inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. As part of the Smithsonian's celebration of Hispanic Heritage Month (September 15-October 15), I have enjoyed conducting research on historical and contemporary Hispanic inventors and innovators. He was also the first one to build a tunnel under a navigable river. It is also thought that he invented the pencil and pen clips that allow them to attach to shirt pockets. From 1958 to 1965, Arias Surez was the director of Chile's Instituto de Investigacin y Ensayos de Materiales (IDIEM, or Materials Research and Testing Institute). There, she created three inventions that improved the speed and effectiveness of how computers handle information. Ochoa was a revolutionist who sought to overthrow the rule of Mexico's chief executive in the early nineties. Mara Gonzlez patented processes to diagnose invasive amebiasis, a parasitic disease that kills over 100,000 people each year. He sold the patent in 1907 to the American Brake Company in Seattle. That honor for the earliest incubator ever developed goes to a device created in 1800s France. The primary active component of one of the first birth control pills, which Syntex Laboratories, Inc. later branded as Norinyl, was norethindrone. The app provides free language education covering 33 languages and serving about 300 million users worldwide according toNBC News. The above are but a small yet significant selection of the many Hispanic people making great strides in various aspects of human life. Today, there are so many ways to celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month! Due to the sponge's practicality, Silva developed a basic prototype. Norton is a master of figuring out a new purpose for each discarded part. The USPTO is currently improving our content to better serve you. Nikola Tesla, (born July 9/10, 1856, Smiljan, Austrian Empire [now in Croatia]died January 7, 1943, New York, New York, U.S.), Serbian American inventor and engineer who discovered and patented the rotating magnetic field, the basis of most alternating-current machinery. He would later send his first color transmission from his lab in Mexico City on August 31, 1946. In honor of National Hispanic Heritage Month (Sept 15-Oct 15), we highlight a few of the Hispanic and Latinx scientists and engineers who made (and are making) important contributions to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Carlos Finlay became famous for his work in identifying the mosquito as a carrier of the deadly yellow fever germ. This version was a vast improvement on simply crushing the potatoes on your own as it produced a smoother and more buttery soft potato. Dr. Villalobos would combine his highly precise scalpel with a microtome into a new device that enabled researchers to cut very thin slices of tissue, minerals or plant matter to be examined under the microscope. California-born Luis W. Alvarez was the sole winner of the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physics for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis. He was also the first Hispanic inductee into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1978 for his radio distance and direction indicator (US Patent2,480,208). He created the "Instrumental Seismic Intensity" or "Arias Intensity" (AI) method in 1970. Can we breathe on Mars? Liotta's device was implanted in a 47-year-old patient with severe heart failure. This is a list of inventors and discoverers who are of Spanish origin or otherwise reside in continental Spain or one of the country's oversees territories. She created the mechanical encyclopedia to reduce the weight of the books that her students had to carry, make studying more appealing, and customize the learning materials to meet the needs of each individual student.
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